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Galapagos Giant Tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.) Fact Sheet: Bibliography & Resources

Bibliography

Aguilera WT, Málaga J, Gibbs JP. 2015. Giant tortoises hatch on Galapagos island. Nature. 517(7534):271-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/517271a

AZA. 2023. Species Survival Statistics [data table report]. Chicago (IL): Lincoln Park Zoo/AZA Population Management Center; [accessed 2023 Apr 18]. https://www.aza.org/species-survival-statistics.

Bastille-Rousseau G, Yackulic CB, Frair JL, Cabrera F, Blake S. 2016. Allometric and temporal scaling of movement characteristics in Galapagos tortoises. Journal of Animal Ecology. 85(5):1171-1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12561

Baur G. 1889. The gigantic land tortoises of the Galapagos islands. The American Naturalist. 23(276):1039-1057. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2451262

Benavides E, Russello M, Boyer D, Wiese RJ, Kajdacsi B, Marquez L, Garrick R, Caccone A. 2012. Lineage identification and genealogical relationships among captive Galápagos tortoises. Zoo Biology. 31(1):107-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20397

Blake S, Guézou A, Deem SL, Yackulic CB, Cabrera F. 2015a. The dominance of introduced plant species in the diets of migratory Galapagos tortoises increases with elevation on a human‐occupied island. Biotropica. 47(2):246-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12195

Blake S, Wikelski M, Cabrera F, Guezou A, Silva M, Sadeghayobi E, Yackulic CB, Jaramillo P. 2012. Seed dispersal by Galápagos tortoises. Journal of Biogeography. 39(11):1961-1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02672.x

Blake S, Yackulic C, Wikelski M, Tapia W, Gibbs J, Deem S, Villamar F, Cabrera F. 2015b. Migration by Galapagos giant tortoises requires landscape-scale conservation efforts. Galapagos (Ecuador): GNPD, GCREG, CDF and GC. http://www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/GalapagosReport_2013-2014-20-Blake-144-150.pdf

Blake S, Yackulic CB, Cabrera F, Tapia W, Gibbs JP, Kümmeth F, Wikelski M, Fryxell J. 2013. Vegetation dynamics drive segregation by body size in Galapagos tortoises migrating across altitudinal gradients. Journal of Animal Ecology. 82(2):310-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12020

Bonin F, Devaux B, Dupré A. 2006. Turtles of the world. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University Press.

Caccone A, Gibbs JP, Ketmaier V, Suatoni E, Powell JR. 1999. Origin and evolutionary relationships of giant Galápagos tortoises. Restoration Ecology. 21(2):181-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00891.x

Caccone A, Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W. 2017a. Wolf Volcano giant tortoise Chelonoidis becki. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9018A82426296 [species assessed 2015 Aug 13; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9018A82426296.en.

Caccone A, Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W. 2017b. San Cristóbal Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis chathamensis. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9019A82688009 [species assessed 2017 Jan 15; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9019A82688009.en.

Casares M, Rübel A, Honegger RE. 1997. Observations on the female reproductive cycle of captive giant tortoises (Geochelone spp.) using ultrasound scanning. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. p. 267-273. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20095657

Cayot LJ. 1987. Ecology of giant tortoises (Geochelone elephantopus) in the Galapagos Islands [Doctoral thesis]. Syracuse University.

Cayot LJ. 2015a. The giant tortoise restoration initiative takes off. Galapagos News. Galapagos Conservancy. p. 8-11. http://www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Galapagos-News-Spring-2015.pdf.

Cayot LJ. 2015b. What's next for tortoises in 2016? Galapagos News. Galapagos Conservancy. p. 15. http://www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Galapagos-News-Fall-2015.pdf.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2016a. Chelonoidis darwini. In: IUCN 2016 (assessed 16 August 2015). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.2; e.T9020A82689845. www.iucnredlist.org. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9020A82689845.en. Accessed on 26 October 2016.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2016b. Pinta Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis abingdonii. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9017A65487433 [species assessed 2015 Aug 11; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9017A65487433.en.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2017a. Eastern Santa Cruz Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis donfaustoi. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T90377132A90377135 [species assessed 2016 Mar 26; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T90377132A90377135.en.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2017b. Pinzón Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis duncanensis. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9021A3149054 [species assessed 2015 Apr 22; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9021A3149054.en.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2017c. Española Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis hoodensis. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9024A82777079 [species assessed 2015 Aug 20; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9024A82777079.en.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2017d. Western Santa Cruz Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis porteri. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9026A82777132 [species assessed 2016 Mar 26; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9026A82777132.en.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2018a. Volcán Alcedo Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis vandenburghi. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9027A144766471 [species assessed 2015 Aug 15; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9027/144766471.

Cayot LJ, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2018b. Cerro Azul Giant Tortoise Chelonoidis vicina. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2019.1; e.T9028A144765855 [species assessed 2015 Aug 15; page accessed 2019 Apr 09]. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9028/144765855.

Chiari Y, Hyseni C, Fritts TH, Glaberman S, Marquez C, Gibbs JP, Claude J, Caccone A. 2009. Morphometrics parallel genetics in a newly discovered and endangered taxon of Galápagos tortoise. PloS One. 4(7):e6272-e6272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006272

Conrad C. 2016. The gold rush and the tortoise. Galapagos News. Galapagos Conservancy. p. 10-11. http://www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Galapagos-News-Spring-2016.pdf.

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Daggett FS. 1915. A Galapagos tortoise. Science. 42(1096):933-934. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.1640003&site=eds-live

de Vries T. 1984. The giant tortoises: a natural history disturbed by man. Galapagos. Oxford (UK): Pergamon Press; p. 145-156.

Edwards D, Garrick R, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2014. Cryptic structure and niche divergence within threatened Galápagos giant tortoises from southern Isabela Island. Conservation Genetics. 15(6):1357-1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0622-z

Edwards DL, Benavides E, Garrick RC, Gibbs JP, Russello MA, Dion KB, Hyseni C, Flanagan JP, Tapia W, Caccone A. 2013. The genetic legacy of Lonesome George survives: Giant tortoises with Pinta Island ancestry identified in Galápagos. Biological Conservation. 157:225-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.014

Embery J, Demong D. 1980. Live and wild performances. My wild world. New York (NY): Delacorte Press.

Fournié G, Goodman SJ, Cruz M, Cedeño V, Vélez A, Patiño L, Millins C, Gibbons LM, Fox MT, Cunningham AA. 2015. Biogeography of parasitic nematode communities in the Galápagos giant tortoise: implications for conservation management. PloS One. 10(9):e0135684-e0135684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135684

Fritz U, Havas P. 2006. Checklist of Chelonians of the World. German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety and Museum of Zoology Dresden. 08 September 2016. https://cites.org/common/com/nc/tax_ref/Chelonians_Checklist_2006.pdf

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Garrick RC, Benavides E, Russello MA, Hyseni C, Edwards DL, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Ciofi C, Caccone A. 2014. Lineage fusion in Galápagos giant tortoises. Molecular Ecology. 23(21):5276-5290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12919

Garrick RC, Hyseni C, Kajdacsi B, Benavides E, Caccone A, Russello MA, Gibbs JP, Tapia W. 2015. Naturally rare versus newly rare: demographic inferences on two timescales inform conservation of Galápagos giant tortoises. Ecology & Evolution (20457758). 5(3):676-694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1388

Gerlach J, Muir C, Richmond MD. 2006. The first substantiated case of trans-oceanic tortoise dispersal. Journal of Natural History. 40(41-43):2403-2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930601058290

Gibbons W, Greene J. 2009. Turtles: the animal answer guide. Baltimore (MD): The John Hopkins University Press.

Gibbs JP, Hunter EA, Shoemaker KT, Tapia WH, Cayot LJ. 2014. Demographic outcomes and ecosystem implications of giant tortoise reintroduction to Española Island, Galapagos. PloS One. 9(10):e110742-e110742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110742

Gibbs JP, Sterling EJ, Zabala FJ. 2010. Giant tortoises as ecological engineers: a long‐term quasi‐experiment in the Galápagos Islands. Biotropica. 42(2):208-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00552.x

Hansen DM, Donlan CJ, Griffiths CJ, Campbell KJ. 2010. Ecological history and latent conservation potential: large and giant tortoises as a model for taxon substitutions. Ecography. 33(2):272-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06305.x

Hayes FE, Hayes WK, Beaman KR, Harris LE. 1992. Sleep-like behavior in the Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone elephantopus). Herpteological Journal. 2:51-53.

Hayes FE, Kent RB, Hayes WK, Lester E. Harris, Jr. 1988. Defensive behavior in the Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone elephantopus), with comments on the evolution of insular gigantism. Herpetologists' League. p. 11. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.3892193&site=eds-live

Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos. Principales resultados Censo de Población y Vivienda Galápagos 2015. 2015. Quito (Ecuador): Gobierno Nacional de la República del Ecuador; accessed 17 January 2017. Slide #16 of presentation; http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Poblacion_y_Demografia/CPV_Galapagos_2015/Presentacion_CPVG15.pdf

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Jensen E, Tapia W, Caccone A, Russello M. 2015. Genetics of a head-start program to guide conservation of an endangered Galápagos tortoise (Chelonoidis ephippium). Conservation Genetics. 16(4):823-832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0703-7

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MacFarland CG, Villa J, Toro B. 1974. The Galapagos Giant Tortoises (Geochelone elephantopus) Part I: Status of the Surviving Populations. Biological Conservation. 6(2):118. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=8251192&site=eds-live

Márquez C, Gibbs JP, Carrión V, Naranjo S, Llerena A. 2013. Population response of giant Galápagos tortoises to feral goat removal. Restoration Ecology. 21(2):181-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00891.x

Márquez C, Wiedenfeld DA, Land?zuri S, Ch?vez J. 2007. Human-caused and natural mortality of giant tortoises in the Galapagos Islands during 1995-2004. Oryx. 41(3):337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605307000211

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Milinkovitch MC, Kanitz R, Tiedemann R, Tapia W, Llerena F, Caccone A, Gibbs JP, Powell JR. 2012. Recovery of a nearly extinct Galápagos tortoise despite minimal genetic variation. Evolutionary Applications. 6(2):377-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12014

Miller JM, Quinzin MC, Edwards DL, Eaton DAR, Jensen EL, Russello MA, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Rueda D, Caccone A. 2018. Genome-wide assessment of diversity and divergence among extant Galapagos giant tortoise species. Journal of Heredity. 109(6):611–619. doi:10.1093/jhered/esy031.

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Poulakakis N, Edwards DL, Chiari Y, Garrick RC, Russello MA, Benavides E, Watkins-Colwell GJ, Glaberman S, Tapia W, Gibbs JP. 2015. Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island. PloS One. 10(10):e0138779. http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138779

Poulakakis N, Glaberman S, Russello M, Beheregaray LB, Ciofi C, Powell JR, Caccone A. 2008. Historical DNA analysis reveals living descendants of an extinct species of Galápagos tortoise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105(40):15464-15469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805340105

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Additional Internet Resources

Cooling Off at the San Diego Zoo

Galapagos Giant Tortoises cool off in water

Two Galápagos tortoises go for a dip at the Fetter Family Galápagos Tortoise exhibit at the San Diego Zoo.

Image credit: © San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. All rights reserved.

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