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Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata) and Spotted Gully Shark (T. megalopterus) Fact Sheet: Bibliography & Resources

Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata) and Spotted Gully Shark (T. megalopterus) Fact Sheet

Bibliography

Ackerman JT, Kondratieff MC, Matern SA, Cech JJ. 2000. Tidal influence on spatial dynamics of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, in Tomales Bay, California. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 58(1):33-43.

Ackerman LT. 1971. Contributions to the biology of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata (Girard) in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California [master's thesis]. [Sacramento (CA)]: California State University Sacramento.

Barker AM, Nosal AP, Lewallen EA, Burton RS. 2015. Genetic structure of leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) populations along the Pacific coast of North America. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 472:151-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.06.020

Best LN, Attwood CG, Silva Cd, Lamberth SJ. 2013. Chondrichthyan occurrence and abundance trends in False Bay, South Africa, spanning a century of catch and survey records. African Zoology. 48(2):201-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3377/004.048.0201

Attwood C, Booth T, Kerwath S, Mann B, Marr S, Duncan J, Bonthuys J, Potts W, editors. Status of chondrichthyans in False Bay. A decade after the emergency: the proceedings of the 4th linefish symposium; 2013: World Wildlife Foundation.

Booth AJ, Foulis AJ, Smale MJ. 2011. Age validation, growth, mortality, and demographic modeling of spotted gully shark (Triakis megalopterus) from the southeast coast of South Africa. Fishery Bulletin. 109(1):101-112. http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8728

Cailliet GM. 1992. Demography of the Central California population of the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata). Australian Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research. 43(1):183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF9920183

Carlise AB, Starr RM. 2009. Habitat use, residency, and seasonal distribution of female leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata in Elkhorn Slough, California. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 380:213-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07907

Carlisle A, King A, Cailliet GM, Brennan JS. 2007. Long-term trends in catch composition from elasmobranch derbies in Elkhorn Slough, California. Marine Fisheries Review. 69(1-4):25-45.

Carlisle AB, Smith SE, Launer AL, White CF. 2015. Triakis semifasciata. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2017.1; e.T39363A80672743 [species assessed 2014 Dec 18; page accessed 2018 Oct 30]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T39363A80672743.en

Carlisle AB, Starr RM. 2010. Tidal movements of female leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) in Elkhorn Slough, California. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 89:31-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9667-0

Castro JI. 2011. Family Triakidae, the smoothhound sharks. The sharks of North America. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; p. 357-387.

Compagno L. 1999. An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 54(1):75-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00359199909520406

Compagno L. 2009. Triakis megalopterus. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2017.1; e.T39362A10216379; [species assessed 2001 Oct 01; page accessed 2018 Oct 30]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T39362A10216379.en

Compagno LJV. 1986. Sharks of the Eastern Cape coast. Grahamstown (South Africa): J.L.B. Institute of Ichthyology.

Compagno LJV. 2003. Family Triakidae Gray, 1851: Houndsharks. Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Caldwell: The Blackburn Press; p. 206-252.

Compagno LJV, Ebert DA, Cowley PD. 1991. Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes) off the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science. 11(1):43-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776191784287664

Crawford D. 2008. Shark. London (UK): Reaktion Books.

Da Silva C, Bürgener M. 2007. South Africa’s demersal shark meat harvest. Traffic Bulletin. 21(2):55-65.

da Silva C, Kerwath SE, Attwood CG, Thorstad EB, Cowley PD, Økland F, Wilke CG, Næsje TF. 2013. Quantifying the degree of protection afforded by a no-take marine reserve on an exploited shark. African Journal of Marine Science. 35(1):57-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2013.769911

De Vos L, Watson R, Götz A, Attwood C. 2015. Baited remote underwater video system (BRUVs) survey of chondrichthyan diversity in False Bay, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science. 37(2):209-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2015.1036119

Dicken ML, Smale MJ, Booth AJ. 2012. Long-term catch and effort trends in Eastern Cape Angling Week competitions. African Journal of Marine Science. 34(2):259-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2012.709961

Dunlop SW, Mann BQ. 2014. ORI tagging project: Summary of tag and recapture data for spotted gully sharks Triakis megalopterus caught along the southern Africa coastline from January 1984 to December 2013 Durban (South Africa).

Ebert DA. 1991. Diet of the seven gill shark Notorynchus cepedianus in the temperate coastal waters of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science. 11(1):565-572.

Ebert DA. 2003. Ground sharks (Carcharhiniformes). Sharks, rays, and chimeras of California. Los Angeles (CA): University of California Press; p. 125-179.

Ebert DA, Ebert TB. 2005. Reproduction, diet and habitat use of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata (Girard), in Humboldt Bay, California, USA. Marine and Freshwater Research. 56(8):1089-1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF05069

Ebert DA, Fowler S, Compagno LJV. 2013. Houndsharks: Triakidae. Sharks of the world: a fully illustrated guide. Plymouth (UK): Wild Nature Press; p. 396-430.

Ebert DA, van Hees KE. 2015. Beyond Jaws: rediscovering the ‘lost sharks’ of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science. 37(2):141-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2015.1048730

Farrer DA. 2009. Northern range extension of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata. California Fish and Game. p. 62-64.

Hight BV, Lowe CG. 2007. Elevated body temperatures of adult female leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, while aggregating in shallow nearshore embayments: evidence for behavioral thermoregulation? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 352:114-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.07.021

Hopkins TE, Cech JJ. 2003. The influence of environmental variables on the distribution and abundance of three elasmobranchs in Tomales Bay, California. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 66(3):279-291.

Kao JS. 2000. Diet, daily ration and gastric evacuation of the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) [master's thesis]. [Hayward (CA)]: California State University, Hayward.

Klimley AP. 2003. The secret life of sharks: a leading marine biologist reveals the mysteries of shark behavior. New York (NY): Simon & Schuster.

Kusher DI, Smith SE, Cailliet GM. 1992. Validated age and growth of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata,with comments on reproduction. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 35(2):187-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002193

Lai NC, Shabetai R, Graham JB, Hoit BD, Sunnerhagen KS, Bhargava V. 1990. Cardiac function of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 160(3):259-268.

Lewallen E, Anderson T, Bohonak A. 2007. Genetic structure of leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) populations in California waters. Marine Biology. 152(3):599-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0714-0

López JA, Ryburn JA, Fedrigo O, Naylor GJ. 2006. Phylogeny of sharks of the family Triakidae (Carcharhiniformes) and its implications for the evolution of carcharhiniform placental viviparity. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution. 40(1):50-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.011

Love M. 1996. Leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata). Probably more than you want to know about the fishes of the Pacific Coast. Santa Barbara (CA): Really Big Press; p. 60-61.

Lowry D, Motta PJ, Hueter RE. 2007. The ontogeny of feeding behavior and cranial morphology in the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata (Girard 1854): a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 341:153-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.07.018

Maduna SN, Rossouw C, da Silva C, Soekoe M, Bester-van der Merwe AE. 2017. Species identification and comparative population genetics of four coastal houndsharks based on novel NGS-mined microsatellites. Ecology and Evolution. 7(5):1462-1486. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2770

Manley JF. 1995. Diel movement patterns and behaviors of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, at Santa Catalina Island, California [master's thesis]. [Long Beach (CA)]: California State University Long Beach.

Miklos P, Katzman SM, Cech JJJ. 2003. Effect of temperature on oxygen consumption of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 66(1):15-18.

Miller DJ, Lea RN. 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. UCANR Publications.

Nosal AP, Caillat A, Kisfaludy EK, Royer MA, Wegner NC. 2014. Aggregation behavior and seasonal philopatry in male and female leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata along the open coast of southern California, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 499:157-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10632

Nosal AP, Cartamil DC, Long JW, Lührmann M, Wegner NC, Graham JB. 2013a. Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 96(7):865-878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5

Nosal AP, Chao Y, Farrara JD, Chai F, Hastings PA. 2016. Olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation in a coastal shark. PloS One. 11(1):e0143758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143758

Nosal AP, Lewallen EA, Burton RS. 2013b. Multiple paternity in leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) litters sampled from a predominantly female aggregation in La Jolla, California, USA. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 446:110-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.05.002

Perkins, W. A new wave: using proven methods to care for a new species at the San Diego Zoo. September 2017. ZOONOOZ; p. 16-17. https://issuu.com/sdzglobal/docs/zoonooz_september_2017

Pietsch TW, Orr JW, Eschmeyer WN. 2012. Mustelus felis Ayres, 1854, a senior synonym of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855 (Carchariniformes: Triakidae), invalidated by "reversal of precedence". Copeia. 2012(1):98-99. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41416603.

Pollom R, Da Silva C, Gledhill K, McCord ME, Winker H. 2020. riakis megalopterus. The IUCN red list of threatened species [Internet]. Version 2020.2; e.T39362A124406649 [species assessed 2019 Aug 01; page accessed 2020 Nov 06]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39362A124406649.en.

Pondella DJ, Allen LG. 2008. The decline and recovery of four predatory fishes from the Southern California Bight. Marine Biology. 154(2):307-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0924-0

Porter ME, Roque CM, Long JJH. 2011. Swimming fundamentals: turning performance of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) is predicted by body shape and postural reconfiguration. Zoology. 114:348-359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2011.06.001

Rogers P. 2017 May 13. Major shark die-off in San Francisco Bay. The Mercury News.

Russo RA. 1975. Observations on the food habits of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) and brown smoothhounds (Mustelus henlei). California Fish and Game. 61(2):95-103.

Russo RA. 2015. Observations of predation and loss among leopard sharks and brown smoothhounds in San Francisco Bay, California. California Fish and Game. 101(2):149-157. http://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=102290

Russo RA. 2016. Absence of leopard sharks in catch surveys in Puget Sound, Washington. California Fish and Game. 102(3):145-147.

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Schaffer P, Reeves C, Casper DR, Davis CR. 2006. Absence of neurotoxic effects in leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, following domoic acid exposure. Toxicon. 47:747-752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.01.030

Smale M, Goosen A. 1999. Reproduction and feeding of spotted gully shark, Triakis megalopterus, off the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Fishery Bulletin. 97(4):987-998.

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Wildlife Adventures

People kayak with leopard sharks at La Jolla Shores, California

Each summer, kayakers and snorkelers seek encounters with the leopard sharks of La Jolla, California.

Image credit: © Daniel Cartamil. All rights reserved. Used with permission from the artist.